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Integración domótica wM-Bus meters (wmbusmeters), gratuita y de código abierto

Integración wM-Bus meters (wmbusmeters) para Gladys Assistant

Water, heat, gas and electricity meters over wireless M-Bus, read by wmbusmeters via MQTT.

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La documentación de esta integración la escribe su autor y, por ahora, solo está disponible en inglés.

wmbusmeters reads wireless M-Bus radio meters (868 MHz): water meters (Sensus iPERL, Diehl Izar and Hydrus, Kamstrup Multical 21 and flowIQ, Itron, Apator, Techem…), heat meters (Diehl Sharky, Kamstrup Multical 302 to 803…), gas and electricity meters, heat cost allocators (Qundis Q caloric…). This integration reads what wmbusmeters decodes and offers every meter in the Discovery tab of Gladys: consumption index, flow, temperatures, status, and leak, burst, dry meter, backflow, tamper and low battery alarms. Not affiliated with the wmbusmeters project.

Development version (0.1). Tested against the real wmbusmeters (official Docker image, 3.0.0 and development versions) replaying telegrams of its test suite, with a real Mosquitto broker, but not with a real radio receiver yet. Feedback is welcome on the GitHub repository.

How it works​

The radio receiver is not plugged into Gladys: integrations get no USB access. wmbusmeters runs next to the receiver (on the Gladys machine in its own container, on a Raspberry Pi closer to the meters, or as the Home Assistant add-on), decodes the telegrams and, through its shell= line, publishes each reading as JSON to your MQTT broker. The integration reads that broker.

meters ))) receiver -> wmbusmeters -> mosquitto_pub -> MQTT broker -> integration -> Gladys

What you get​

wmbusmeters fieldIn Gladys
total_m3, total_volume_m3volume (m³): the meter index
target_m3volume at the billing date (end of the last month or year)
total_backward_m3volume that flowed backwards
total_energy_consumption_kwh, total_kwhenergy index (kWh): heat and electricity meters
total_energy_production_kwhproduced energy index (kWh)
current_power_consumption_kw, power_kwpower (converted to W)
volume_flow_m3h, flow_m3h, max_flow_m3hflow, max flow (m³/h)
flow_temperature_c, return_temperature_cflow and return temperatures (probes, out of the room average)
current_consumption_hca, consumption_at_set_date_hcaheat cost allocation units
current_temperature_c, current_relative_humidity_rhtemperature and humidity (room sensors)
voltage_at_phase_1_v…voltage per phase (electricity meters)
battery_pct, remaining_battery_life_ybattery (%), battery life (years)
rssi_dbmsignal (bars), when the receiver reports it
status, current_statusStatus (text: OK, LEAK, ERROR POWER_LOW…)
the status flagsalarms: leak, burst, dry, backflow, tamper, battery low

One device = one meter number (the 8 digits printed on the meter), whatever the driver or the name given in wmbusmeters. The histories (12 months, intermediate billing dates) are left out: Gladys keeps the history of every value itself.

The alarms a meter can raise are offered from its first reading, before any alarm: those of its wmbusmeters driver, and those it declares when wmbusmeters adds the details of the fields (addtelegramdetails=first, the default of the "edge" Home Assistant add-on). An alarm never announced appears the first time it is seen. Flags about the past (PREV_LEAKAGE, ..._PREV_MONTH…) are not alarms: they stay in the status text.

What about the Home Assistant discovery of the Gladys MQTT integration?​

Since Gladys 4.86, the Gladys MQTT integration (Discovery tab) reads the Home Assistant discovery. wmbusmeters itself publishes none: only its Home Assistant add-on does, when you turn on enable_mqtt_discovery. With the add-on, that is an alternative without this integration, but a partial one: energy, power, temperatures, battery and signal come through well; volumes (m³) and flows (m³/h) arrive as generic sensors without unit; and the alarms of the add-on (one sensor per flag, disabled by default) rely on a Jinja template Gladys does not run, so they never turn on.

This integration reads the JSON of wmbusmeters directly, with or without the add-on and without any discovery: volume and energy as indexes, leak, burst, dry meter, backflow, tamper and battery alarms, the diagnosis of encrypted meters without their key (very common in France), and the warning for a silent meter. Use only one of the two ways for a given meter, or it shows up twice.

1. The receiver​

  • An RTL-SDR dongle (RTL-SDR Blog V3 or V4, Nooelec…, about 25 €): the simplest. The wmbusmeters Docker image includes rtl_wmbus, which listens to the T1 and C1 modes.
  • Or a dedicated, more sensitive wM-Bus module: IMST iM871A / iU891A, Amber AMB8465 (Würth Metis), Radiocrafts RC1180, CUL.
  • Put the antenna close to the meters (a water meter in a buried pit does not carry far). An RTL-SDR dongle already used by rtl_433 cannot serve wmbusmeters at the same time: one dongle per program.

2. Run wmbusmeters and make it publish to MQTT​

wmbusmeters has no MQTT client of its own: its shell= line runs a command for each reading, with the JSON of the reading in $METER_JSON. mosquitto_pub (shipped in the official Docker image) sends it to the broker.

With Docker​

Create the configuration folder, for example /opt/wmbusmeters, with the file /opt/wmbusmeters/etc/wmbusmeters.conf (replace the broker address, the user and the password):

loglevel=normal
device=auto:t1
donotprobe=/dev/ttyAMA0
logtelegrams=false
format=json
ignoreduplicates=true
shell=/usr/bin/mosquitto_pub -h 192.168.1.10 -u USER -P PASSWORD -t wmbusmeters/$METER_ID -m "$METER_JSON"

then start the official image:

docker run -d --name wmbusmeters --restart unless-stopped --privileged \
  -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro \
  -v /opt/wmbusmeters:/wmbusmeters_data \
  -v /dev/:/dev/ \
  wmbusmeters/wmbusmeters
  • With a serial module (iM871A, AMB8465…) instead of an RTL-SDR dongle, the privileged mode is not needed: replace --privileged -v /dev/:/dev/ with --device /dev/ttyUSB0, and device=auto:t1 with the module, for example device=/dev/ttyUSB0:im871a:c1,t1.
  • With an RTL-SDR dongle, device=rtlwmbus skips the probing of serial modules at startup.
  • Without a broker user, remove -u … -P ….
  • The broker can be the one of the Gladys MQTT integration (port 1883, the user and password of its configuration) or your own (Mosquitto…).

Without Docker​

wmbusmeters builds on a Raspberry Pi (./configure && make && sudo make install, see its README) and then runs as a service: the same configuration in /etc/wmbusmeters.conf, the meter files in /etc/wmbusmeters.d/, sudo apt install mosquitto-clients for mosquitto_pub, then sudo systemctl restart wmbusmeters.

With the Home Assistant add-on​

The add-on already publishes each reading to wmbusmeters/<meter name>, on the Mosquitto broker of Home Assistant: give the integration the IP address of Home Assistant, port 1883 and a user of that broker. The default topic wmbusmeters/# covers this layout. If the MQTT discovery of the add-on is also on, your meters also show up in the Discovery tab of the Gladys MQTT integration (see above): add each one once.

3. Find your meters​

wmbusmeters only publishes the meters of its meter files. First look at what it hears: docker logs -f wmbusmeters prints, for each meter in range

Received telegram from: 12345678
          manufacturer: (SEN) Sensus Metering Systems, Germany (0x4cae)
                  type: Water meter (0x07) encrypted
                driver: iperl

The number (12345678) is printed on your meter. Create one file per meter in /opt/wmbusmeters/etc/wmbusmeters.d/, for example ColdWater:

name=ColdWater
id=12345678
driver=iperl
key=00112233445566778899AABBCCDDEEFF

Remove the key= line if the meter is not encrypted, then docker restart wmbusmeters. Use driver=auto only to try: wmbusmeters guarantees that the fields of a named driver do not change between versions.

4. Encryption keys​

Many water meters are encrypted (AES): without the key, wmbusmeters only reads the meter number. The key of a remotely read meter belongs to the water company (or to the building manager for the sub-meters of a block of flats): ask for it, giving the meter number. Some give it, others do not. A key is 32 hexadecimal characters.

  • The widespread Diehl Izar meters are read without a key (driver=izarv2).
  • Without a key, the reading arrives with the MISSING_KEY status: the "List the meters heard" button points it out.
  • With a wrong key, wmbusmeters logs "did you use the correct decryption key?" and then ignores that meter: nothing reaches Gladys. Fix the key and restart wmbusmeters.
  • The French Gazpar gas meters (169 MHz) cannot be read: GRDF does not give out their keys.

5. Configure the integration​

  1. Address of the MQTT broker: as seen from the Gladys machine, its IP address on the local network, not localhost (the integration runs in its own container). Examples: mqtt://192.168.1.10:1883, mqtts://broker.lan:8883.
  2. User name and password of the broker, if it asks for one.
  3. MQTT topic of wmbusmeters: keep wmbusmeters/#, which covers wmbusmeters/<number> (the configuration above) and wmbusmeters/<name> (the add-on).
  4. Click Test the connection: the integration waits for the first reading (up to 30 s; a reading retained by the broker with -r arrives at once) and names the meter heard.

6. Add your meters​

Open the Discovery tab: every meter wmbusmeters publishes shows up, named after its file, its driver and its number (ColdWater (iperl 12345678)). The List the meters heard button shows the last readings, their values, status and signal.

With a catch-all meter file (id=*), wmbusmeters also publishes the neighbours' meters: add only yours. The others cost nothing (nothing is sent to Gladys for a device you did not add) and leave the list after 4 days of silence.

Scenes​

Every feature works in the "Device state change" trigger: for example Leak alarm turns to 1 → notification, or Volume rising at night. The alarms and the status are never delayed; an alarm goes back to 0 with the first reading that no longer carries it.

Options​

OptionDefaultRole
MQTT topic of wmbusmeterswmbusmeters/#change only if your shell= publishes elsewhere
Verify the TLS certificateyesturn off for a broker with a self-signed certificate on your network
Minimum interval between readings60 sa meter transmitting every 8 s is only recorded at this pace

Chatty meters: an Izar transmits every 8 s, an iPERL every 16 s. wmbusmeters has no rate limit: it publishes every telegram (ignoreduplicates=true only drops the repeats of one telegram). The integration keeps the last value of each meter and records it only at the chosen interval, sends only the values that change (a stable value is sent again every 30 min) and stays under the 300 states per minute Gladys accepts.

Details​

  • The messages read are the JSON objects of wmbusmeters ("_":"telegram", a number and a driver); any other message on the topic is ignored. wmbusmeters 3.0 and older (a meter field instead of driver) work too.
  • The same reading received twice (two topics, a retained message replayed at the reconnection) counts once. A retained reading (-r) counts for the time wmbusmeters received it, not for now.
  • The badge of an added device turns "unreachable" while the broker is down, and degraded (orange dot, with the reason) when the meter has sent nothing for 25 h: out of range, flat battery, or a meter that only transmits at certain hours (some walk-by meters are set up that way).
  • The energy index of a heat meter measures heat, not electricity: do not attach it to your electricity meter in the Gladys energy monitoring.
  • Implausible values (an unplugged probe at -100 °C…) are ignored.

Troubleshooting​

  • "No wmbusmeters reading" at the test: docker logs wmbusmeters. "Received telegram from" but nothing published: the meter has no meter file. Nothing at all: check the receiver, the mode (t1, c1) and the range. Test the publication by hand: docker exec wmbusmeters mosquitto_pub -h 192.168.1.10 -t wmbusmeters/test -m '{}'.
  • "The MQTT broker is unreachable": check the IP address and the port, and that the broker accepts connections from the local network (listener 1883 in Mosquitto 2).
  • "refused the connection": wrong user name or password, or an ACL that forbids reading wmbusmeters/#.
  • A meter only has its status: MISSING_KEY, see the keys above.
  • A value is missing: open an issue with the JSON of the reading (mosquitto_sub -h 192.168.1.10 -t 'wmbusmeters/#' -v).

Privacy​

Everything stays on your network: the integration only talks to your MQTT broker. The password is stored as a secret by Gladys and never appears in the logs. The keys of your meters stay in wmbusmeters: the integration never sees them.

Parámetros de configuración​

Estos son los parámetros que wM-Bus meters (wmbusmeters) te pide en su pantalla de configuración en Gladys.

ParámetroTipoObligatorioDescripción
Your radio meters, through wmbusmeterssectionNowmbusmeters decodes the radio telegrams of wireless M-Bus meters (868 MHz): water meters (Sensus iPERL, Diehl Izar and Hydrus, Kamstrup Multical 21 and flowIQ, Itron, Apator…), heat, gas and electricity meters, heat cost allocators. It runs next to its radio receiver (RTL-SDR dongle, iM871A, AMB8465…) on a Raspberry Pi, a NAS or as the Home Assistant add-on: the receiver is not plugged into Gladys. Its shell= line publishes each reading to your MQTT broker (the guide gives it). This integration reads it, offers each meter in the Discovery tab and turns its leak, burst and battery flags into alarms. Many meters are encrypted: wmbusmeters needs their key, which your water company gives. Type the address of the broker as seen from the Gladys machine: its LAN IP address, not localhost. Not affiliated with the wmbusmeters project.
Address of the MQTT brokerstringSímqtt://host:1883 or mqtts://host:8883: the broker the mosquitto_pub of wmbusmeters publishes to. A bare IP address means mqtt:// on port 1883.
User namestringNo
PasswordsecretNo
MQTT topic of wmbusmetersstringNoWhere wmbusmeters publishes its readings. wmbusmeters/# covers wmbusmeters/<meter id> (the guide) and wmbusmeters/<meter name> (the Home Assistant add-on).
Verify the TLS certificate of the broker (mqtts, wss)booleanNoTurn off only for a broker with a self-signed certificate on your local network.
Minimum interval between two readings of a meter (s)numberNoSome meters transmit every 8 s: Gladys keeps their last reading at this pace. The status and the alarms are never delayed.

Cómo instalar wM-Bus meters (wmbusmeters) en Gladys​

  1. En Gladys, abre Integraciones: wM-Bus meters (wmbusmeters) aparece en el catálogo junto a las integraciones nativas, con una insignia de comunidad.
  2. Haz clic en Instalar. Gladys descarga la imagen Docker (ghcr.io/lm1lc3n7/gladys-wmbusmeters:0.1.1), la ejecuta en un entorno aislado del núcleo y genera la interfaz de la integración (dispositivos, descubrimiento y configuración).
  3. Abre la pantalla de Configuración de la integración, rellena los parámetros y guarda.
  4. También puedes instalarla directamente desde la URL de su repositorio: https://github.com/LM1LC3N7/gladys-wmbusmeters.

wM-Bus meters (wmbusmeters) requiere Gladys >=5.1.0. El catálogo de Gladys se actualiza cada hora, así que una nueva versión está disponible como máximo una hora después de publicarse.

¿Todavía no usas Gladys? Es gratuito y de código abierto: sigue la guía de instalación para empezar.

Sobre las integraciones externas​

wM-Bus meters (wmbusmeters) es una integración externa: una integración comunitaria empaquetada como contenedor Docker y publicada en GitHub. Gladys la instala con un clic y la ejecuta en un entorno aislado del núcleo. La publica y mantiene LM1LC3N7, no el equipo principal de Gladys.

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